[481] Several commentators and biographers described him as being politically conservative,[482] an ideological viewpoint likely bolstered by his training in functionalist anthropology. [215] The government followed the verdict with a wider crackdown, banning KAU in June 1953,[221] and closing down most of the independent schools in the country, including Kenyatta's. [368] As part of the Lancaster House negotiations, Britain's government agreed to provide Kenya with 27million with which to buy out white farmers and redistribute their land among the indigenous population. [460] McKenzie had been employed as a go-between,[451] and the structure of the funeral was orchestrated to deliberately imitate that of deceased British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. [448] Other political figures who were critical of Kenyatta's administration, including Ronald Ngala and Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, were killed in incidents that many speculated were government assassinations. [388] This improved medical care had resulted in declining mortality rates while birth rates remained high, resulting in a rapidly growing population; from 1962 to 1979, Kenya's population grew by just under 4% a year, the highest rate in the world at the time. Kenyatta was a controversial figure. [291] An election was scheduled for May, with self-government in June, followed by full independence in December. Jomo Kenyatta, original name Kamau Ngengi, (born c. 1894, Ichaweri, British East Africa [now in Kenya]died August 22, 1978, Mombasa, Kenya), African statesman and nationalist, the first prime minister (196364) and then the first president (196478) of independent Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta, Circa 1894 - 1978. The Protestant churches, backed by European medics and the colonial authorities, supported the abolition of this traditional practice, but the KCA rallied to its defence, claiming that its abolition would damage the structure of Kikuyu society. B. Assensoh later suggested that the authorities "knew very well" that Kenyatta was not involved in the Mau Mau, but that they were nevertheless committed to silencing his calls for independence. [389] This put a severe strain on social services; Kenyatta's government promoted family planning projects to stem the birth-rate, but these had little success. [154] He settled into rural Sussex life,[155] and became a regular at the village pub, where he gained the nickname "Jumbo". In 1925 the EAA disbanded as a result of government pressures, and its members re-formed as the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). ; and Sofia Wanjiru Muigai less. [464] His body was buried in a mausoleum in the grounds of the Parliament Buildings in Nairobi. [183] In January 1952, KAU members formed a secret Central Committee devoted to direct action, formulated along a cell structure. He was not only older at 63 than all of . In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussex during the Second World War. [83] As Secretary of the KCA, Kenyatta met with church representatives. [378] During the 1960s and 1970s the public sector grew faster than the private sector. The names of the Kapenguria Six were Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Achieng' Oneko, Kung'u Karumba, and Jomo Kenyata. [452] By 1970, he was increasingly feeble and senile,[453] and by 1975 Kenyatta hadaccording to Maloba"in effect ceased to actively govern". [355] During the 1970s, this expanded to cover the trade in soap, cement, and textiles. [168] The conference ended with a statement declaring that while delegates desired a peaceful transition to African self-rule, Africans "as a last resort, may have to appeal to force in the effort to achieve Freedom". [383] Between 1964 and 1966, the number of primary schools grew by 11.6%, and the number of secondary schools by 80%. In these, his criticism of British imperialism was far stronger than it had been in Mugwithania. [521] Despite this, Kenyatta exhibited a general dislike of Indians, believing that they exploited indigenous Africans in Kenya. [125] This angered Ross and contributed to the breakdown of their friendship. Get info on Jomo Kenyatta Hill - Flint, Michigan - (810) 336-8411. [86], "With the support of all revolutionary workers and peasants we must redouble our efforts to break the bonds that bind us. [53], It is likely that the KCA purchased a motorbike for Kenyatta,[52] which he used to travel around Kikuyuland and neighbouring areas inhabited by the Meru and Embu, helping to establish new KCA branches. [455] This clique faced opposition from KANU back-benchers spearheaded by Josiah Mwangi Kariuki. [369] Kenyatta's government encouraged the establishment of private land-buying companies that were often headed by prominent politicians. [33] He also lived for a time in Dagoretti, where he became a retainer for a local sub-chief, Kioi; in 1919 he assisted Kioi in putting the latter's case in a land dispute before a Nairobi court. His annual memorial is marked this week, but was turned into a family only affair last year. ", Kenyatta was a polygamist. [223] Pritt pointed out that Thacker had been appointed magistrate for the wrong district, a technicality voiding the whole trial; the Supreme Court of Kenya concurred and Kenyatta and the others were freed in July 1953, only to be immediately re-arrested. [281] There, KANU and KADU representatives met with British officials to formulate a new constitution. 1 M7 Portfolio Student's Name Affiliation Course Name Instructor's . D.L. [538] This use of Kenyatta as a popular symbol of the nation itself was furthered by the similarities between their names. [116] He enrolled at UCL as a student, studying an English course between January and July 1935 and then a phonetics course from October 1935 to June 1936. [29] Kenyatta did not join the armed forces, and like other Kikuyu he moved to live among the Maasai, who had refused to fight for the British. [507] As President he collected a variety of expensive cars. Skip to document. [382] Their report set out the long-term goal of universal free primary education in Kenya but argued that the government's emphasis should be on secondary and higher education to facilitate the training of indigenous African personnel to take over the civil service and other jobs requiring such an education. [550] Another significant success had been in dismantling the colonial-era system of racial segregation in schools, public facilities, and social clubs peacefully and with minimal disruption. [445] With the organised opposition eliminated, from 1969, Kenya was once again a de facto one-party state. [170], After British victory in World War II, Kenyatta received a request to return to Kenya in September 1946, sailing back that month. [58], Simon Gikandi argued that Kenyatta, like some of his contemporaries in the Pan-African movement, was an "Afro-Victorian", someone whose identity had been shaped "by the culture of colonialism and colonial institutions", especially those of the Victorian era. The current first family is made up of Uhuru Kenyatta, Margaret Kenyatta and their three children, Ngina, Jomo and Jaba Kenyatta. Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. At the meeting, Kenyatta raised the land issue and Thuku's exile, the atmosphere between the two being friendly. [21] In 1913, he underwent the Kikuyu circumcision ritual; the missionaries generally disapproved of this custom, but it was an important aspect of Kikuyu tradition, allowing Kenyatta to be recognized as an adult. [284] At Kenyatta's prompting, KANU conceded to some of KADU's demands; he was aware that he could amend the constitution when in office. She bore him another child, but later died in childbirth. His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. After his death in 1978, Ngina Kenyatta, his fourth wife, played a pivotal role in . [222], Kenyatta and the others were returned to Lokitaung, where they resided on remand while awaiting the results of the appeal process. are connected. This was his initial contact with Europeans. [188] This was made difficult by the fact that many Maasai and Luotribes traditionally hostile to the Kikuyuregarded him as an advocate of Kikuyu dominance. [328] He appears to have had no further involvement with the communist movement after 1934. Former First Lady Mama Ngina Kenyatta addresses a congregation at the St. Teresa's Catholic Church in Mpeketoni, Lamu County, on Saturday, February 4, 2023. One of the EAAs main purposes was to recover Kikuyu lands lost when Kenya became a British crown colony (1920). Among those lobbying for Kenyatta's release from indefinite detention were Tanganyika's Julius Nyerere and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah. Nehru's response was supportive, sending a message to Kenya's Indian minority reminding them that they were the guests of the indigenous African population. [221] It appropriated his land at Gatundu and demolished his house. [95] In late 1932, he joined Padmore in Germany. [26], Kenyatta moved to Thika, where he worked for an engineering firm run by the Briton John Cook. [84] The meeting ended without compromise, and John Arthurthe head of the Church of Scotland in Kenyalater expelled Kenyatta from the church, citing what he deemed dishonesty during the debate. [64] He then lodged with a prostitute; both this and Kenyatta's lavish spending brought concern from the Church Mission Society. [216] The prosecution failed to produce any strong evidence that Kenyatta or the other accused had any involvement in managing the Mau Mau. Citizen Digital "Going after Mama Ngina and the late Jomo Kenyatta you are now touching a live wire. By 1959, the Mau Mau had killed around 1,880 people. She is married in Makueni County and little is known about her. [256] KANU campaigned on the issue of Kenyatta's detainment in the February 1961 election, where it gained a majority of votes. [404] In turn, in 1976 the Israelis warned of a plot by the Palestinian Liberation Army to assassinate him, a threat he took seriously. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Kenyatta did manage to testify on behalf of Kikuyu land claims in 1932 at hearings of the Carter Land Commission. [297] Photographs of Kenyatta were widely displayed in shop windows,[297] and his face was also printed on the new currency. [237] The administration then placed a restricting order on Kenyatta, forcing him to reside in the remote area of Lodwar, where he had to report to the district commissioner twice a day. [558] Drawing upon Marxist theory, Jay O'Brien, for instance, argued that Kenyatta had come to power "as a representative of a would-be bourgeoisie", a coalition of "relatively privileged petty bourgeois African elements" who wanted simply to replace the British colonialists and "Asian commercial bourgeoisie" with themselves. [238] There, he was joined by his wife Ngina. Kenyatta told Shiels that he was not affiliated with communist circles and was unaware of the nature of the newspaper which published his articles. [306], Murray-Brown noted that Kenyatta had the ability to "appear all things to all men",[186] also displaying a "consummate ability to keep his true purposes and abilities to himself", for instance concealing his connections with communists and the Soviet Union both from members of the British Labour Party and from Kikuyu figures at home. The commission decided to offer compensation for some appropriated territories but maintained the white highlands policy, which restricted the Kikuyu to overcrowded reserves. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [255] KANU then declared that it would refuse to take part in any government unless Kenyatta was freed. [468] As vice president, Moi was sworn in as acting president for a 90-day interim period. [152] On 11 May 1942 he married an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, at Chanctonbury Registry Office. [202] In August he attended a much-publicised mass meeting in Kiambu wherein front of 30,000 peoplehe said that "Mau Mau has spoiled the country. She often accompanied him in public, and some streets in Nairobi and Mombasa are named after her. COMPANY is now part of the GardaWorld family of companies, all services are now . I am currently a third year student at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Statistics degree. [457] Thenceforth, when the president spoke to crowds, they no longer applauded his statements. [375] Kenyatta's government was eager to control the country's trade unions, fearing their ability to disrupt the economy. [472] In 1982 he would amend the Kenyan constitution to create a de jure one-party state. We want to be friendly with whites. "[479] This approach was similar to the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda's ideology of "African humanism". [177] In May 1947, Koinange moved to England, leaving Kenyatta to take full control of the college. [311] To deal with sporadic violence in the region by Somali shifta guerrillas, Kenyatta sent soldiers into the region in December 1963 and gave them broad powers of arrest and seizure in the NFD in September 1964. [193] At its 1951 AGM, more militant African nationalists had taken senior positions and the party officially announced its call for Kenyan independence within three years. [423] This resulted in the election of June 1966. His son Peter Muigai became an assistant minister of foreign affairs, and his cousin Ngethe Njoroge served as high commissioner to the United Kingdom. [12], "Missionaries have done a lot of good work because it was through the missionary that many of the Kikuyu got their first education and were able to learn how to read and write Also, the medical side of it: the missionary did very well. Kenyatta died in office and was succeeded by Daniel arap Moi. 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